What geographical concept refers to the East-West positioning on the Earth?

The concept that refers to East-West positioning on the Earth is longitude. Longitude lines run from the North Pole to the South Pole and measure how far east or west a point is from the Prime Meridian, which is designated as 0 degrees longitude. As you move east, the longitude increases up to 180 degrees, and as you move west, it decreases down to -180 degrees, effectively allowing for a clear understanding of a location's position relative to the Prime Meridian.

Latitude, on the other hand, pertains to North-South positioning and is measured in degrees north or south of the Equator. It does not provide any information about East-West orientation. Altitude refers to the height above a reference point, usually sea level, and the equator itself is a specific line of latitude at 0 degrees, which primarily defines the division between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.