Under which circumstance can a pilot operate a small UA beyond Visual Line-of-Sight (VLOS)?

A pilot can operate a small unmanned aircraft (UA) beyond Visual Line-of-Sight (VLOS) under specific circumstances, primarily by obtaining a waiver from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA's regulations for small UAs typically require that they remain within the operator's visual line of sight, ensuring that the pilot can maintain awareness of the aircraft and respond to any potential issues.

Applying for a waiver allows the pilot to operate beyond VLOS by meeting certain conditions and demonstrating that safe operation can be achieved despite the lack of visual contact. This can include incorporating advanced technology, such as sensors or additional observers, to maintain situational awareness and safety.

In contrast, simply having prolonged experience, having a visual observer present, or operating only in emergency situations does not provide the regulatory framework needed to legally operate beyond VLOS without an approved waiver. Each of these alternatives does not comply with the FAA's current regulations that govern small UA operations.